Sorbitol, a polyol (sugar alcohol), is a bulk sweetener found in numerous food products. Sorbitol is about 60% as sweet as sucrose with one third fewer calories, about 2.6 calories per gram. It has smooth mouth feel with a sweet, cool and pleasant taste. It is a non-cariogenic and may be useful to people with diabetes. It is also used in other products, such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Sorbitol occurs naturally in a wide variety of fruits and berries. Today it is commercially produced by the hydrogenation of glucose and is available in both liquid and crystalline form.
Sorbitol is used as a humectant in many types of products against loss of moisture content. The moisture-stabilizing and texture properties of sorbitol are used in the production of confectionary, baked goods, and chocolates where products tend to become dry or harden. Sorbitol also combines well with other food ingredients such as sugars, gelling agents, proteins and vegetable fats. It functions well in many food products such as chewing gums, candies, frozen desserts, cookies, cakes, icings and fillings as well as oral care products, including toothpaste and mouthwash.
Sorbitol is slowly absorbed. Therefore, when sorbitol is used, the rise in blood glucose and the insulin response associated with the ingestion of glucose is significantly reduced. Polyols, including sorbitol, are resistant to metabolism by oral bacteria, which break down sugars, and starches to release acids that may lead to cavities or erode tooth enamel.
**Sorbitol has been affirmed as GRAS (General Recognized As Safe) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
